Fall Prevention
Fall Prevention Checklist
Floors
Clear walkways of furniture and other obstacles.
Tape down or secure cords and wires along walls.
Remove items that can cause tripping, such as shoes, boxes, or magazines.
Bathroom
Use non-slip mats or flooring.
Install at least two grab bars near the toilet and in the bath or shower.
Consider a shower chair and a handheld shower head for added safety.
Add night lights in the hallway and along the path to the bathroom.
Stairs and Steps
Repair loose or uneven steps and secure carpets.
Ensure handrails are installed on both sides and are securely fastened.
Provide adequate lighting with switches at both the top and bottom of the stairs.
Apply non-slip adhesive strips or rubber treads to each step.
Keep stairs free from clutter like shoes, books, or other items.
Kitchen
Store frequently used items within easy reach—avoid high shelves.
If a step stool is needed, use one with a safety handle. Never use a chair to reach high places.
Bedroom
Keep a lamp or light within easy reach of the bed.
Use plug-in night lights in bedrooms and hallways.
Keep a phone by the bedside or on the floor within reach in case of a fall.
Consider using a medical alert system to call for help when needed.
General Safety
Post a list of emergency phone numbers in large print near every phone.
Use a cane or walker if your balance is unstable.
Consider a wearable medical alert device, especially if you live alone.
Keep a phone near the floor in common areas in case you’re unable to stand after a fall.
Fitting and Walking with a Cane
Getting the Right Fit
Using a properly fitted cane helps improve balance and reduces strain on your body. Some canes are adjustable, while others are not—check your fit carefully:
Elbow Bend: With your hand on the cane, your elbow should bend comfortably at about 15–20 degrees. A slightly greater bend is okay if you’re using the cane mostly for balance.
Wrist Height: Let your arm hang straight at your side. The top of the cane should line up with the crease on the inside of your wrist.
Why Fit Matters:
A cane that’s too long makes walking harder and may strain your arm.
A cane that’s too short can cause you to lean, throwing off your balance.
Walking with a Cane
Hold the cane in the hand opposite your weaker or injured leg.
Move the cane forward at the same time as your weaker leg—this helps support your weight and maintain balance.
When stepping with your stronger leg, do not move the cane.
Using a Cane on Stairs
Going Up:
Hold the railing with your free hand (if available).
Step up first with your stronger leg, then bring your weaker leg and cane up together.
Going Down:
Use the railing for support.
Move the cane and your weaker leg down first, then step down with your stronger leg.
Checking the Cane Tip
The rubber tip at the bottom of your cane helps grip the floor and prevents slipping—like the tread on a tire.
Inspect regularly. If the tip is worn, smooth, or stiff, it may not provide good traction.
Replace when needed. Replacement tips are available at most pharmacies and medical supply stores.
Fitting and Using a Walker
Getting the Right Fit
Properly adjusting your walker can help reduce stress on your shoulders and back. Here’s how to check if your walker fits you correctly:
Check your elbow bend: Stand inside the walker with your shoulders relaxed. Place your hands on the grips. Your elbows should bend comfortably at about a 15-degree angle.
Check your wrist height: Let your arms hang naturally at your sides. The top of the walker’s grips should align with the crease on the inside of your wrists.
How to Walk Safely with a Walker
1. Moving Forward
If you need to put weight on the walker as you move, place it about one step ahead of you. Keep your back straight—avoid hunching over.
2. Stepping Into the Walker
If one leg is weaker or injured, step forward with that leg first. Place your foot in the middle of the walker, behind its front legs. Avoid stepping too far forward, which can cause you to lose your balance. Make sure the walker stays still as you step in.
3. Bringing the Other Leg Forward
Push straight down on the walker’s grips to support your weight. Then bring your stronger leg forward. Repeat the process: move the walker ahead, step into it with one leg, then the other.
Walker Safety Tips
Stay upright—don’t lean forward over the walker.
Always step into the walker, not behind it.
Avoid pushing the walker too far ahead of you.
Make sure the handles are set to the right height.
Take small steps, especially when turning.
Use caution on slippery, uneven, or carpeted surfaces.
Keep an eye out for obstacles on the ground.
Wear low-heeled shoes with non-slip soles.